Conversion has delay, meaning users may convert some time after clicking, and often the deeper the conversion funnel, the longer the delay. In computational advertising, delayed feedback mainly affects the following two scenarios:
- CVR model training
- Posterior-based bidding strategy adjustment
For scenario 1, the impact is: (1) sending samples to the model too early treats events that will eventually convert but haven’t received labels yet as negative examples, causing model underestimation; (2) sending samples to the model too late, i.e., waiting a sufficiently long time for all samples before sending to the model, causes the model to not update timely.
For scenario 2, the impact is when the controller controls cost/value=target, the denominator will be smaller than the actual value, causing control instability.
This article mainly introduces three papers’ approaches to this problem in scenario 1. Some methods involved can also be applied to scenario 2 (and if problem 1 can be well solved, bidding can also be based on predictions rather than posterior data).