In computational advertising, conversions are delayed—users may convert some time after clicking, and deeper conversion funnels tend to have longer delays. When training CVR/deep-CVR models, two situations arise: (1) sending samples to the model too early, treating events that will eventually convert but haven’t yet as negative examples, causing model underestimation; (2) sending samples to the model too late, waiting for all samples to complete a sufficient time window, preventing timely model updates.
Therefore, modeling the conversion feedback delay is necessary. This paper “Modeling Delayed Feedback in Display Advertising” from Criteo provides a solution. The main idea: for samples where conversion hasn’t been observed yet, don’t treat them directly as negative samples, but instead give the model different gradient magnitudes based on how long since the click occurred. The paper validates this method’s effectiveness on Criteo’s real data. Additionally, the modeling approach from problem formulation to solution is worth studying.